Test 1 Molecular genetics: genome, gene expression, DNA and RNA, nuclear enzymes, DNA replication, genetic code, transcription and translation

Test 2 Above plus: Transmission of heritable characteristics, genes as units of inheritance, gene regulation, eukaryote chromosomes, prokaryote chromosomes and plasmids; Cell reproduction: cell cycle, apoptosis, binary fission, gamete production; inputs and outputs of meiosis; diploid and haploid, n and 2n

Test 3 Above plus: Patterns of inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms: One gene locus: monohybrid cross including dominance, recessiveness, co-dominance; multiple, alleles, monohybrid cross: dominant/recessive, test cross, pedigree analysis. Sex linkage. Genotype, phenotype and environment

Test 4 Above plus: inheritance at two gene loci: dihybrid cross. Linked genes and recombination; Gene interactions. Pedigrees of all of the above. Types of mutations. Polygenes, continuous and discontinuous variation

Test 5 Above plus: DNA manipulation: tools and techniques including recombinant DNA, amplification of DNA, gel electrophoresis, DNA profiling, DNA sequencing; cloning of genes, transformation; gene delivery systems

Test 6 Above plus: change in populations: gene pool, allele frequencies; selection pressures, genetic drift, founder effect, gene flow. Natural selection. Speciation. Extinction – bottlenecks. Geological time: scale; relative and actual dating techniques

Test 7 Above plus: patterns of evolution: divergent, convergent; branching diagrams. Evidence of evolution: fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, molecular evidence; Homologous and analogous structures

Test 8 Above plus: primate and human evolution. Human influences on evolution. Applications of gene technologies

Test 9 Detachable Examination Whole course.