Area of Study 1

Chemical analysis
General comments
Qualitative and quantitative analysis
Equation writing
Acid–base, precipitation and redox reactions
Stoichiometric calculations for solids, liquids and gases
Things to remember
pH
Gas volumes
Empirical formulae
‘Wet-way’ analysis
Volumetric analysis
Gravimetric analysis
Calculations involving quantitative analysis in the laboratory
Typical examination questions
Acid–base volumetric analysis (direct titration)
Acid–base volumetric analysis (back titration)
Redox volumetric analysis
Gravimetric analysis
Instrumental analysis
Chromatography
Spectroscopy
Reading spectra
Likely questions on the analytical instruments
Chemical analysis summary
Glossary
Revision checklist
Practice examination questions
Solutions to practice examination questions

Area of Study 2
Organic chemical pathways
The alkanes and the alkenes
Functional groups
Addition reactions of alkenes
Production of ethene
Properties of ethene
Addition reactions of ethene
Addition polymerisation
Properties of alkanes and chloroalkanes
Substitution reactions of alkanes andm chloroalkanes
Properties of amines, alkanols and carboxylic acids
Properties of esters
Likely questions on organic pathways
Biomolecules
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Summary of the large biomolecules in food
Biochemical fuels
Biodiesel
Ethanol
DNA
The structure of DNA
Use of DNA for forensic analysis
Proteins as markers for disease
Phenylketonuria
Alzheimer’s disease
Breast cancer
Design and synthesis of medicines
The story of aspirin
How aspirin works
Organic chemical pathways summary
Glossary
Revision checklist
Practice examination questions
Solutions to practice examination questions

Study and examination tips
Study techniques
Some specific advice on Unit 3 content
It is never too late to revise
The written examination
Structure
The data booklet
Reading time
Answering the questions
Multiple-choice questions
Short answer questions

Data appendices
1. Physical constants
2. Unit 3 formulae
3. The electrochemical series
4. The Periodic Table
5. 1H NMR data
6. 13C NMR data
7. Infrared absorption data
8. 2-amino acids
9. Formulae of some fatty acids
10. Structural formulae of some important biomolecules
11. Acid-base indicators
12. Acidity constants, Ka, of some weak acids
13. Values of molar enthalpy of combustion of some common fuels